Soil Mechanics

"According to the famous engineer Terzaghi, "It is the branch of engineers in which sediments and other unconsolidated deposits of particles formed by physical and chemical disintegration of rocks, including organic matter. Maybe, the principles of mechanics, hydraulics, etc. are used to solve engineering problems related to ".

Soil of manufacture main problem:

The main problem in the construction work of various types of structures comes due to the nature of the soil. Soil behavior depends on many factors. Other construction materials like cement, iron, wood, etc., we can choose according to our needs, taking into account their properties, while the soil generally has to be accepted and used only at its construction site. Like other materials of manufacture, necessary properties cannot be obtained by controlling its production. But with the help of soil engineer its behavior can be upgraded as per the requirement.

Engineering mechanics:

Soil mechanics is a branch of engineering mechanics that studies and describes the properties of land. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the sense that the land is made up of a heterogeneous mixture of gas (air), liquid (water etc.) and solids (soil, sand, etc.). Apart from this, there can also be bio-solids, liquids and gases in the land. Rock mechanics and geomechanics together form the theoretical basis of geotechnical engineering. Geotechnical engineering is a sub-subject of civil engineering. Geotechnics is used in the foundation of buildings and bridges, retaining walls, and building dams.

Practical uses of mechanics:

Applied mechanics is the branch of physics that studies the practical uses of mechanics. Applied mechanics is the practical application of mechanics, the branch of physics. In applied mechanics, analysis is basically a combination of kinetic and static analysis. Engineering mechanics in English inspects the reaction given by applying external force on a body through mathematical equations. Some examples of applied mechanical bodies include the flow of liquid, the fracture of a solid by the application of external force, or the vibration of the ear in response to sound. The scholar of applied mechanics is called mechanician in English. Applied mechanics, as the name shows, fills the gap between the principles of mechanics, in the field of experimental technology. Applied mechanics is used radically in many branches of engineering. Sir Isaac Newton is regarded as the father of theoretical engineering, similarly Timoshenko is considered the father of applied mechanics.

Organic Matter of Soil:

Soil or soil like water, air etc. is also the ultimate essential factor for living beings. Most flora and fauna have permanent habitat in the soil, generally they refer to the upper surface of the earth as soil.

But in addition to the top layer, weather, organic matter and organisms also contribute significantly to soil formation. It is found in varying amounts in the depth of the land from a few inches to about twenty feet.

Various types of micro-organisms are found in it, which creates humus. It has high oxygen content. Soil is formed by physical, chemical and biological weathering of rocks.
The rock from which soil is formed, whose chemical composition is also the same. Aluminum, potassium, sodium, and manganese are also found in mineral-rich soils.

Calcium and magnesium are found in soils formed from lime-rich rocks. All these nutritional elements are helpful in the growth of microbes and metabolic activities.

The organic part of the soil consists mainly of members of the plant and animal world, leading to continuous decomposition of the soil. From which humus is produced.

Microbe cells found in Soil form inorganic and organic chemicals of cells, eg polysilicate. These chemicals bind Particles of Soil.

Procedure of Soil Formation

Soil formation is a complex natural process in which a number of mechanical factors along with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi contribute significantly. The mineral content of the topmost rocks of the earth is present on the earth.

They are oxidized by many types of microbes. Soil is formed by oxidation of these minerals. In addition, it is caused by weathering of hard rocks.

Due to the increase in temperature, the rocks shrink and spread, causing them to crack and crack. Due to the pressure of the rain and the wind moving very fast, the rocks from these cracks break down and break into small pieces.

The water flowing at a high speed on the rocks carries the pieces of rocks with them. With the movement of water, the pieces of rocks are constantly rubbing together, forming small pieces and particles.

Soil Profile:

Soil bedrock is studied by steep cutting (V.S.) of land depth. It is seen as different Horizons of the land.

The different types of Horizons found in Soil Profile are as follows:

(1) Horizon A:

It is the upper layer of the land, which is called the Top Soil. The thickness of this layer is greater. In this Horizon, the dead organs of animals and plants, their excreta, rotten leaves and other organic matter fungi (Fungi) and Decompose substances are found by bacteria. Go, who make Humus.

Soil becomes more fertile when humus is added. The soil is usually sandy. Air is abundant in it, due to which the roots of the plants grow easily.

(2) Horizon B:

Below the Horizon A is the light colored lower ground level. At this stage, rainwater keeps collecting and slowly leaking. It is made of clay soils in which the roots of the plants do not grow easily.

In this part, micro particles are found in mineral salts, but the amount of Humus and Air is less in which only the depth of the Trees goes. Roots reach.

(3) Horizon C:

This is the lowest level of the Soil Profile. This level of soil is like hard rock, which lacks Humus micro organisms and soil particles. Due to which plants root (root) does not grow in this part.