Soil Consistency-मृदा की सघनता

Soil Consistency

By changing the amount of water in the soil, it can be brought to any liquid, plastic semi-solid or solid state. The density of the soil reflects the quality of the soil in how it can be easily molded into the desired shape. It shows the firmness of the soil. It is expressed with words like soft, hard and tough.
In practice, these terms are only used for finer particles, especially soils with clay. The density in these soils mainly depends on the amount of water present in them. The term "soil stability" refers to the degree of cohesion between soil particles. This information about soil was first given by Soil scientist Etterberg (1911) of Sweden, so that they are called the Atterberg limit for fine-grained soils for micronutrient soils. It is of the following type.

Plasticity

Generally, the meaning of fragility is understood by the quality of the object that can be molded into a shape without breaking it forever. In soil mechanics, compactness is not used in its above mentioned sense, but rather the degree of plasticity is more important which means that the soil can change its shape without changing its volume. How much capacity does it have. If the amount of water present in the soil is so that its shape (Shape) can be easily changed without cracking, then this state of the soil is called plastic state. The state of the soil can be changed by changing the amount of water present in it. In the dry state, the soil is solid, but as the amount of water in it increases, it becomes semi-solid, plastic and finally in the liquid state respectively. When the soil comes from one state to another, then the amount of water present in it at that time is called Consistency limit, this property was first shown in Atterberg, a soil scientist in Sweden. Therefore, they are called the boundaries of Atterberg. It should be noted that the limitations of Atterberg are only for soils with fine particles.

Liquid Limit

It is the boundary between the liquid and plastic states. This is the amount of water present in the soil that causes the soil to have such shear strength that it can take a groove of standard width (Groove) in the standard equipment by the specified method, giving 25 shocks of 12 mm. Fill the distance and fill it. It is the amount of water present in the soil when it shows little but a certain amount of shear resistance.

Plastic Limit- w

 It is the boundary between the plastic and semisolid state. This is the amount of water on which the soil is poured into a thread of about 3mm, if it is not broken, but it breaks down if it is fine.
Shrinkage Limit w, this is the maximum amount of water at which, if further water is reduced from the soil, there is no change in its volume. It is the least amount of water present in the soil that can be fully saturated. It is the boundary between semi solid and solid state.

 Plasticity Index I,

The range between the fluid boundary and the compact range, which shows the properties of soil compaction, is called plastic range and is represented by the index of plasticity. The numerical difference between the fluid limit and the liquid limit is called the index of solubility. Soil whose fluid limit or compact limit cannot be removed, it will be called non-plastic soil. The solubility index, I-w-wp, is not a plastic state of consistency of soils with non-cohesive coarse particles, and their solubility and fluid limit are both the same, ie the solubility index /, is zero. The values   of soil's fluid limit and compactness depend on the type and quantity of soil present in it, while the value of solubility index is only on the amount of soil present in it. So if the information of soil type, which is present in the soil, can be found by the value of the relative index relative to its fluid limit, while the volume of the soil can be determined by the mass index.