Formation of Soil-मृदा का बनना

मृदा का बनना

Formation of Soil

soil is formed due to the breakage of rocks. In nature, rocks on the surface of the earth and below the earth constantly disintegrate due to various physical and chemical reasons, which are called weathering. The formation of rocks, breaking, transfer of broken rocks and re-formation of rocks in nature goes on continuously. The formation of soil by the breaking of rocks and the cycle of re-formation of rocks from soil can be represented by the geological cycle.

soil erosion

In general terms erosion refers to the displacement and transport of soil and soil particles, accomplished by the help of water, air, snow, or gravitational forces. Water and air are the most important of these forces that end soil erosion. The plains formed by the floods and the coastal plains are formed by the deflation of the mountains. This natural process of mountain mountain erosion is continuous and slow. Although this action does not seem destructive to look at, it causes erosion. That is why it is called natural erosion or geological erosion. Geological erosion is not harmful to human welfare and it is beyond human control. Conversely, whenever the balance of nature deteriorates, that is, soil erosion naturally exceeds the rate of soil formation, there are relatively greater losses. The balance of nature is often due to deforestation on a large scale, plowing in large quantities and making the landforms equal for farming or for other reasons. In such conditions, the intensity of soil erosion increases greatly.

Usually one inch of soil of the earth is formed in thousands of years, which is finished in one year from the destruction of soil, erosion. Humanly thoughtless interventions in the naturally occurring business of nature cause great harm. Human interference results in acute soil erosion. Normally when we say erosion, it refers to rapid erosion.

 The Process of Soil Erosion

In the process of soil erosion, as mentioned above, the soil particles are displaced from the top layer of the soil. Hence it is called the process of displacement of soil particles from the top surface of the soil. In this process, a source is needed to move the displaced soil particles from one place to another or away or be carried away. Normally, in soil erosion, both displacement and shedding processes take place. The contribution of water, wind, snow, or gravity forces to displace soil particles is prominent. These different forces play their role depending on the size of the soil particles. For example, water leaks into the soil, the leaking force is proportional to the volume of the soil particles, and 2. The particles that cling or stabilize the soil particles The forces are proportional to the surface area of ​​the soil particles. From this point of view, when we consider it, we find that the smaller the soil particles, the more stable they are. Soil particles stick to the soil terrain due to adhesive forces. When the aggregate size of the soil particles decreases, this force decreases and due to the leaking force, the soil particles are displaced. Soil erosion occurs as a result.

Small portions or particles of soil particles flow more easily in sediment transport, in other words displacing from one place to another. In addition to the seeping forces, the forces that displace soil particles involve many mechanical forces. Which move soil particles from one place to another. For example, when there is heavy rainfall, erosion of soil particles occurs due to the effect of strong raindrops. Similarly, soil erosion is caused by the flow of water. In this way the force of erosion is also notable. The most notable in this regard is the erosive force produced in the flowing water. It is probably true that soil erosion does not occur rapidly without rapid flow of water and if the flow of water in the area of ​​erosion is stopped? If given, the action of erosion will also decrease.

 Soil erosion by water

In this, the displacement and removal of soil from the top surface of the land from one place to another is done by the actions of water. In such soil erosion, the soil particles first migrate from the surface of the soil and then those soil particles move from that place to another location. In general, the soil particles flow away through the rainforest and river stream. When the rainfall is high, the rainwater gets seeped into the soil and excess water drains and erodes the soil. The displacement and transport of soil is usually due to and through this water runoff. If the rate of infiltration of water within the soil is higher than the rate of rainwater, then the runoff of water is equal and there is no loss of soil or soil erosion. It is a matter of clear understanding that only water runoff cannot displace the soil from the ground surface until the soil dissolves in water runoff. Hence soil erosion is mainly due to the action of scattering and displacing the soil particles and the flow of soil causes the soil particles to move from one place to another.